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 symbolic interface


The role of the metaverse in calibrating an embodied artificial general intelligence

Schmalzried, Martin

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

This paper examines the concept of embodied artificial general intelligence (AGI), its relationship to human consciousness, and the key role of the metaverse in facilitating this relationship. The paper leverages theoretical frameworks such as embodied cognition, Michael Levin's computational boundary of a "Self," Donald D. Hoffman's Interface Theory of Perception, and Bernardo Kastrup's analytical idealism to build the argument for achieving embodied AGI. It contends that our perceived outer reality is a symbolic representation of alternate inner states of being, and that AGI could embody a higher consciousness with a larger computational boundary. The paper further discusses the developmental stages of AGI, the requirements for the emergence of an embodied AGI, the importance of a calibrated symbolic interface for AGI, and the key role played by the metaverse, decentralized systems, open-source blockchain technology, as well as open-source AI research. It also explores the idea of a feedback loop between AGI and human users in metaverse spaces as a tool for AGI calibration, as well as the role of local homeostasis and decentralized governance as preconditions for achieving a stable embodied AGI. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of achieving a certain degree of harmony in human relations and recognizing the interconnectedness of humanity at a global level, as key prerequisites for the emergence of a stable embodied AGI.


Towards customizable reinforcement learning agents: Enabling preference specification through online vocabulary expansion

Soni, Utkarsh, Thakur, Nupur, Sreedharan, Sarath, Guan, Lin, Verma, Mudit, Marquez, Matthew, Kambhampati, Subbarao

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

There is a growing interest in developing automated agents that can work alongside humans. In addition to completing the assigned task, such an agent will undoubtedly be expected to behave in a manner that is preferred by the human. This requires the human to communicate their preferences to the agent. To achieve this, the current approaches either require the users to specify the reward function or the preference is interactively learned from queries that ask the user to compare behavior. The former approach can be challenging if the internal representation used by the agent is inscrutable to the human while the latter is unnecessarily cumbersome for the user if their preference can be specified more easily in symbolic terms. In this work, we propose PRESCA (PREference Specification through Concept Acquisition), a system that allows users to specify their preferences in terms of concepts that they understand. PRESCA maintains a set of such concepts in a shared vocabulary. If the relevant concept is not in the shared vocabulary, then it is learned. To make learning a new concept more feedback efficient, PRESCA leverages causal associations between the target concept and concepts that are already known. In addition, we use a novel data augmentation approach to further reduce required feedback. We evaluate PRESCA by using it on a Minecraft environment and show that it can effectively align the agent with the user's preference.


Symbols as a Lingua Franca for Bridging Human-AI Chasm for Explainable and Advisable AI Systems

Kambhampati, Subbarao, Sreedharan, Sarath, Verma, Mudit, Zha, Yantian, Guan, Lin

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Despite the surprising power of many modern AI systems that often learn their own representations, there is significant discontent about their inscrutability and the attendant problems in their ability to interact with humans. While alternatives such as neuro-symbolic approaches have been proposed, there is a lack of consensus on what they are about. There are often two independent motivations (i) symbols as a lingua franca for human-AI interaction and (ii) symbols as (system-produced) abstractions use in its internal reasoning. The jury is still out on whether AI systems will need to use symbols in their internal reasoning to achieve general intelligence capabilities. Whatever the answer there is, the need for (human-understandable) symbols in human-AI interaction seems quite compelling. Symbols, like emotions, may well not be sine qua non for intelligence per se, but they will be crucial for AI systems to interact with us humans--as we can neither turn off our emotions nor get by without our symbols. In particular, in many human-designed domains, humans would be interested in providing explicit (symbolic) knowledge and advice--and expect machine explanations in kind. This alone requires AI systems to at least do their I/O in symbolic terms. In this blue sky paper, we argue this point of view, and discuss research directions that need to be pursued to allow for this type of human-AI interaction.